Table 9 Summary of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) comparing the experimental and control groups post-test in reading aloud
Source | Read. Aloud items | SS | MS | F (1, 103) | p | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Additions | 7.35 | 7.35 | 1.70 | 0.195 | – |
Deletions | 324.34 | 324.34 | 7.76 | 0.006 | 0.07 | |
Inversions | 1.32 | 1.32 | 0.34 | 0.562 | – | |
Repetitions | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 0.528 | – | |
Intermittent reading | 49.82 | 49.82 | 3.34 | 0.071 | – | |
Grammar error | 31.35 | 31.35 | 0.94 | 0.333 | – | |
Morphological error | 43.06 | 43.06 | 14.99 | <0.001 | 0.13 | |
Erroneous stop | 52.32 | 52.32 | 10.01 | 0.002 | 0.09 | |
Reading aloud | 1096.62 | 1096.62 | 4.38 | 0.039 | 0.04 | |
Error | Additions | 445.17 | 4.32 | |||
Deletions | 4307.79 | 41.82 | ||||
Inversions | 401.19 | 3.90 | ||||
Repetitions | 512.19 | 4.97 | ||||
Intermittent reading | 1537.17 | 14.92 | ||||
Grammar error | 3419.16 | 33.20 | ||||
Morphological error | 295.99 | 2.87 | ||||
Erroneous stop | 538.31 | 5.23 | ||||
Reading aloud | 25780.01 | 250.29 |